鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在日常生活中的(de)應用范圍十分廣(guang)泛,類型有這幾種比如:特種鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、進口(kou)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、動力(li)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、智能鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、圓柱(zhu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、聚(ju)合(he)物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、磷酸鐵鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。
那(nei)我們(men)今(jin)(jin)天就先分析一下動力鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最常(chang)應用于車輛上(shang)面,比如電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車使用常(chang)見的鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有兩種(zhong),磷(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和三元(yuan)鋰(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。不(bu)可(ke)否認,電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車上(shang)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發生爆炸自燃的事故也給大家帶(dai)來了不(bu)少(shao)的困擾。那(nei)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的原(yuan)理到底(di)是什么呢?又有什么方法去預防鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)爆炸呢?那(nei)么今(jin)(jin)天由(you)旋力給大家講(jiang)解(jie)下小知(zhi)識。
鋰(li)電池為什么(me)會(hui)爆(bao)炸呢?
導致鋰電(dian)池爆炸的原因有以下幾點:
1、熱失控導致鋰電池自(zi)(zi)燃。是(shi)指電池本身過熱,或者在(zai)高(gao)溫環境(jing)下充(chong)電導致自(zi)(zi)然爆炸的(de)現象(xiang)。
2、鋰電(dian)池(chi)包裝破損或(huo)(huo)重創。鋰電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)都是有一層(ceng)隔膜,在受(shou)到(dao)重創或(huo)(huo)者尖(jian)物(wu)刺穿鋰電(dian)池(chi),隔膜受(shou)到(dao)損壞,導致鋰電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)短路也會導致鋰電(dian)池(chi)自(zi)然爆炸。
3、鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流超過了規定的數值。(比如20A的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用30A的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian))會(hui)導致鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫度過高,這樣(yang)也是很(hen)容(rong)易導致鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆(bao)炸起火的。
4、鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池質量問(wen)題。有少(shao)數工(gong)廠為了(le)節約成(cheng)本(ben)而偷工(gong)減料(liao),使用廢(fei)鉛等(deng)作(zuo)為原料(liao)改(gai)裝制作(zuo)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池,這種鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池沒有品(pin)質保證和品(pin)牌認證,生產出來的電(dian)(dian)池也容易出現“漏電(dian)(dian)”這種現象,從而導(dao)致鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池自(zi)然鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池爆炸。
5、低(di)溫狀態下充電。普通(tong)電池(chi)在低(di)溫狀況下充電,也容易(yi)會損壞。而且(qie)將鋰電池(chi)直接丟入火中也會引發爆炸(zha) 。
防止鋰(li)電(dian)池自然(ran)爆炸的五個方法(fa):
1、選(xuan)擇正規廠家出品的鋰(li)電池
請(qing)勿選擇(ze)無(wu)標、無(wu)質保的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)(yong)。動力鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)常見于(yu)電(dian)(dian)動車或者汽(qi)車,使用(yong)(yong)范圍比較(jiao)廣泛(fan),從而在市場上存在有品牌(pai)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)同時也存在無(wu)牌(pai)無(wu)質保的(de),大家盡量選擇(ze)合格的(de)鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
2、使用鋰電池原(yuan)配充(chong)電器
一般的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都會(hui)匹配合格配套的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)器,充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)要過長,充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)及時(shi)(shi)拔掉充電(dian)(dian)器,請勿選擇規格不(bu)符合的充電(dian)(dian)器進行電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。
3、避免電池(chi)受(shou)到重創或損壞
在使(shi)用鋰電池的過程中,請勿(wu)將(jiang)電池掰彎、避免(mian)電池刺破,杜絕這(zhe)種錯誤及危(wei)險的行(xing)為。
4、避免電電池(chi)散熱(re)完畢(bi)以后再(zai)充
電池在使用過后還是處于散熱狀態,這個時候是不適合充電的。電池本身的熱量加上充電器導入電流的熱量,會讓電池內部急劇的加熱,導致電池水份流失,一旦遇到高溫環境,就會發生自然。盡量將電池放置完全冷卻再去充電,選擇涼快通風的地方。
針對鋰電(dian)池的爆炸應該準備的措施:
1、在現(xian)有的電解(jie)液中增(zeng)加(jia)阻燃劑,雖然對電池的使用效果有影響,但(dan)最起碼阻燃。
2、加強(qiang)保護板(ban),雖然成本有點高,但是能有效的解決問題。
3、鋰電(dian)池選料要(yao)優(you)化合成條件,一(yi)定要(yao)選擇有質量保(bao)障的電(dian)芯。
4、鋰電池的使(shi)用與存(cun)放(fang)要遠離火源。